An Analysis of the Situation of Afghan Migrants in Tehran: Exploring Social, Psychological, Legal Experiences and the Impact of International Support

Abstract

The migration of Afghans represents one of the longest-standing and most complex migration crises at the international level, with wide-ranging social, economic, and political consequences for both origin and host countries. This study aims to assess the living conditions of Afghan migrants, their legal and social challenges, and the extent of international support provided to them. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data were collected through a researcher-designed online questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software.

The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, resulting in a total of 384 participants. A purposive, snowball (network-based) sampling method was used to select respondents. The findings indicate that the majority of Afghan migrants in Iran lack legal documentation and have limited access to healthcare services, education, and employment opportunities. Additionally, experiences of forced deportation and the host country’s restrictive policies have negatively impacted the psychological and social well-being of these migrants. Correlation analysis further revealed a direct relationship between poor living conditions and increased psychological stress among migrants.

The study concludes by offering recommendations to improve the legal and social status of Afghan migrants.