Validating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Fatwa Issuance Process

Abstract

This study critically delves into the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the process of fatwa issuance, analyzing its potential contributions as well as its inherent limitations within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. The research begins by conceptualizing AI, outlining its capabilities in processing Sharia-based data, and proposing a structured approach for its application in fiqh. Specifically, it explores AI's potential to facilitate access to primary sources of legal deduction (istinbāṭ) and enhance the analysis of complex jurisprudential matters.

The study proceeds with a rigorous evaluation of AI’s legal competency in relation to Islamic law, emphasizing key deficiencies such as its inability to assess evolving human interests (maṣlaḥa) and its lack of moral and ethical accountability. Through an in-depth examination of the fatwa issuance process, the research highlights that AI, at best, operates as an expert system that supports human ijtihād (independent legal reasoning) rather than replacing the authoritative role of the mufti (Islamic jurist).

The findings underscore the necessity of adhering to clearly defined criteria when integrating AI into this domain, ensuring that its application remains under the supervision of qualified scholars. The study ultimately reaffirms the imperative of preserving the human and ethical dimensions of Islamic legal reasoning, advocating for a cautious yet constructive engagement with technological advancements in jurisprudential practice.